Audio GuideMolla Zeyrek Mosque

In the lively heart of Istanbul’s Fatih district, atop a hill with sweeping views of the Golden Horn, stands an extraordinary monument that bridges centuries of history—that is, Molla Zeyrek Camii. At first glance, its brickwork and domes catch the eye. But behind these walls is a unique story of transformation.

cemil abi

In the early twelfth century, the site began as a grand Byzantine monastery. It was founded by Empress Irene of Hungary and later expanded by her husband, Emperor John the Second Komnenos. The complex included not just one but two churches, each dedicated to Christ Pantokrator and to the Virgin. There was also a chapel, library, hospital, and more. Over time, these buildings—originally separate—were artfully joined by a central chapel. This created a vast and harmonious space that became the city’s imperial burial place after Hagia Sophia.

Rouslan Valonen (LibertyToursLLC)

Architecturally, Molla Zeyrek Camii stands out as a masterpiece of Middle Byzantine style. Its trademark is the recessed brick technique, that is, a careful layering of bricks and thick mortar. This gives the walls a rippled texture and soft color. You will notice cross-shaped plans, polygonal apses with seven sides, high domes, and touches of marble and colored glass. It once dazzled with mosaics and inlaid floors, though these have long since been covered.

Panagiotis Georgakopoulos

Over centuries, the complex changed hands. During Latin rule after the Fourth Crusade, it housed Venetian clergy and precious icons. It soon returned to Orthodox use, before the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottomans. Then, its central church was transformed into a mosque. The monastic cells served as Istanbul’s very first Ottoman school, called a medrese. The mosque’s name honors Molla Zeyrek, a distinguished teacher who taught here until the school relocated.

The building endured fires, earthquakes, and periods of neglect. By the late twentieth century, it was at risk of being lost forever. This prompted intensive restoration. Some steps, like the use of modern materials, stirred debate. But thanks to these efforts, the mosque reopened for worship and visitors.

Today, Molla Zeyrek Camii stands as living history—a rare Byzantine treasure set in the bustling streets of Istanbul, near other historic structures like the Eski Imaret Mosque and the Zeyrekhane restaurant. Its story weaves together imperial ambition, sacred art, cultural changes, and a spirit of renewal. That spirit continues to welcome travelers from around the world.